What is a Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) Attack?

A Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack is a cyber attack where an attacker secretly intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. This type of attack is used to steal personal data, such as login credentials, credit card numbers, and account details, often without the knowledge of either party involved. It is prevalent in financial, e-commerce, and SaaS applications where secure logins are critical.

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MitM attacks typically follow a two-phased approach: interception and decryption. Here’s how these phases generally unfold:

• Passive Attacks: These might involve the attacker setting up a malicious WiFi hotspot that victims connect to, believing it is legitimate. Once connected, the attacker gains access to all transmitted data.
• Active Attacks: Techniques used here include IP spoofing, where the attacker disguises as a familiar application; ARP spoofing, linking an attacker’s MAC address to a legitimate IP address on a network; and DNS spoofing, which redirects users to fraudulent websites.

• After intercepting the data, attackers may use various methods to decrypt secure SSL/TLS traffic. Techniques include HTTPS spoofing, where fake certificates trick browsers; SSL hijacking, where attackers insert themselves into the authentication process; and SSL stripping, where secure connections are downgraded to unsecured ones, allowing attackers to view data in transit.

Preventing MitM attacks involves both user vigilance and technical safeguards:

• For Users:

  • Avoid using unsecured WiFi networks.
  • Pay attention to browser security notifications.
  • Log out of applications when not in use.
  • Be wary of conducting sensitive transactions on public networks.

• For Organizations:

  • Implement and enforce TLS and HTTPS to secure all communications.
  • Use SSL/TLS across the entire site to prevent session cookie theft.
  • Educate employees about phishing and the importance of secure connections.

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• Always verify the security of your internet connections and be cautious of the networks you join, especially public WiFi. Use VPN services to encrypt your data transmissions.

• Unexpected browser warnings, unusual account activity, or security alerts from applications could be indicators of MitM attacks.

• Yes, certain security software and intrusion detection systems can identify and alert users to potential MitM activities by monitoring network traffic and detecting anomalies.

• Immediately disconnect from the suspected network, change passwords for any accessed services, and check accounts for unauthorized activities. Additionally, report the incident to your network administrator or IT department.