Can passkeys created by 3rd-party providers be compromised?

While passkeys are designed to be highly secure, those created and stored by third-party passkey providers could be compromised under certain conditions. The risk level depends on encryption practices, storage methods, and security implementations.

1. Cloud Storage Vulnerabilities

   • Many third-party providers store passkeys in cloud-based vaults, which, if improperly secured, may become targets for data breaches.
   • Strong end-to-end encryption minimizes risk, but if the provider suffers a data leak, attackers might attempt decryption.

2. Master Password or Weak Account Security

   • Some third-party password managers use a master password to encrypt passkeys.
   • If a user reuses or chooses a weak password, an attacker could compromise the entire vault via credential stuffing or brute-force attacks.

3. Phishing and Social Engineering Attacks

   • Attackers could trick users into exposing their vault access credentials via phishing emails or fake login portals.
   • Unlike first-party providers (Apple iCloud Keychain, Google Password Manager), third-party providers may not be tightly integrated into device security, making them more susceptible to social engineering attacks.

4. Provider Infrastructure Breaches

   • If a third-party provider’s server infrastructure is hacked, attackers could attempt to decrypt stored passkeys.
   • Many reputable providers use zero-knowledge encryption, meaning even they cannot access stored passkeys, but not all providers follow this standard.

5. Malware or Device-Level Attacks

   • If a user's device is compromised (e.g., keyloggers, malware, or rootkits), stored passkeys may be at risk.
   • First-party providers often leverage secure hardware elements (TPMs, Secure Enclaves) to protect passkeys, while some third-party providers rely on software-only encryption.

• Use Providers with Zero-Knowledge Encryption: Ensure that even the provider cannot decrypt stored passkeys.
• Enable Biometric Authentication: Choose a provider that requires biometric authentication for passkey access.
• Avoid Weak Master Passwords: If the provider uses a master password, choose a strong, unique one and enable multi-factor authentication (MFA).
• Verify the Provider’s Security Practices: Check if they comply with FIDO2, WebAuthn, and industry security standards.

While third-party passkey providers offer flexibility and cross-platform access, their security depends on implementation. Users should choose providers carefully, enable additional security layers, and follow best practices to minimize risks.